|
Film budgeting refers to the process by which a line producer, unit production manager, or filmmaker prepares a budget for a film production. This document, which could be over 150 pages long, is used to secure financing for and lead to pre-production and production of the film. Multiple drafts of the budget may be required to whittle down costs. A budget is typically divided into four sections: ''above the line'' (creative talent), ''below the line'' (direct production costs), ''post-production'' (editing, visual effects, etc.), and ''other'' (insurance, completion bond, etc.) Film financing can be acquired from a private investor, sponsor, product placement, film studio, entertainment company, and/or out-of-pocket funds. ==Elements== * Story rights: The right to produce a film based on a play, novel, musical or video game, or as a remake or sequel can cost anything from a couple of thousand (e.g., ''Leaving Las Vegas'') to over $10 million (e.g., the video game ''Halo''). An original screenplay by a Writers Guild of America member can cost from its minimum, $69,499〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wga.org/uploadedFiles/writers_resources/contracts/min2014.pdf )〕 and upwards of $5 million (e.g., M. Night Shyamalan's ''Unbreakable''). * Screenplay: An A-list screenwriter may be paid between $100,000 to $2 million to write a script, including $400,000 a week for each rewrite of a film in trouble; script doctors may be called upon to revise the final draft at $100,000 to $200,000 a week. Recently, Columbia Pictures has been offering the best screenwriters 2 percent of the gross profits (after the production and marketing budget has been deducted). * Producers: Film producers and executive producers are often well-paid, with a top producer earning a seven-figure salary upfront as well as bonuses and a share of the profits. For ''Spider-Man'' (2002), producer Laura Ziskin is estimated to have been paid over $30 million. * Director: The DGA minimum is about $16,800 per week, for a minimum of ten weeks' work. An A-list film director can command $5 to $10 million per film. * Cast: While the bulk of the cast usually gets paid by the Actors Guild standard rate of about 2300 US$ per week, famous and bankable film stars can demand fees up to $30 million per film, plus perks (trailer, entourage, etc.) and possible gross participation. Sometimes an actor will accept a minimal fee in exchange for a more lucrative share of the profits. Union extras are paid around $130 per day (plus extra for overtime or if they provide their own wardrobe), but on a low-budget film non-union extras are paid less, sometimes nothing at all. * Production costs: The cost of producing the film includes crew wages, production design, live set and studio costs, costumes, catering, accommodation, transportation, travel, hotel stay, etc. The director of photography is usually the highest paid member of the crew at about $500,000 to $1 million. * Visual effects: The cost of computer-generated imagery effects and other visual effect work in post-production depends largely on the amount of work, the desired quality, and the effects company involved (Industrial Light and Magic is the most prestigious and expensive); extensive effect work, as in'' Avatar'' or ''The Lord of the Rings'', can easily cost up to $100,000,000. * Music: The top film composers can ask for a seven-figure salary to compose an hour or so of an original film score. An original song by Christina Aguilera (''Shark Tale'') or Kanye West (''Mission: Impossible III'') could cost $1 million, and the right to use a song by David Bowie or The Beatles costs $300,000. (In addition, the artist may wish to see a screening of the film to see if it meets their approval; Bowie did so with the film ''Training Day'', giving the film a good amount of pre-release publicity). More recently, the rights to have Led Zeppelin's "Whole Lotta Love" on the film ''Lords of Dogtown'' cost producers $3 million. Sometimes a film will turn to unknown or little-known artists willing to license the rights to their song for a small fee in exchange for the publicity. Typically, the music budget of a major motion picture is about 2 percent of the final total, however ''Spider-Man'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「film budgeting」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|